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Needle tracheostomy: a laboratory study

T L Dobbinson, J Whalen, D A Pelton

    Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
    |February 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Needle tracheostomy allows breathing during upper airway obstruction. This study in dogs shows it

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Surgical Techniques

    Background:

    • Percutaneous needle tracheostomy and transtracheal ventilation are suggested for upper airway obstruction.
    • Existing apparatus for artificial ventilation is not always available, and its efficacy during spontaneous respiration requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of needle tracheostomy for managing upper airway obstruction in dogs.
    • To determine the pressure-flow characteristics of various needles for potential use in canine respiratory support.

    Main Methods:

    • Determined pressure-flow characteristics of short hollow needles (18-10 SWG).
    • Selected the 14 SWG Bardic Intracath needle for its calculated sufficient flow rate in 10-13 kg dogs.

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  • Studied respiration in dogs with complete tracheal occlusion using spontaneous and artificial ventilation methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Respiration was maintained via spontaneous or artificial methods during complete tracheal occlusion.
    • No significant deterioration was observed during one hour of breathing via needle tracheostomy.
    • Both machine and manual artificial ventilation effectively reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2).

    Conclusions:

    • Percutaneous needle tracheostomy is a viable technique for managing upper airway obstruction in dogs.
    • Successful implementation requires careful selection of appropriate needles and meticulous technique.