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An approach-avoidance motivations scale for sports
Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. Journal Canadien Des Sciences Appliquees Au Sport
|March 1, 1980
Summary
This study developed a reliable and valid sports motivation scale to measure approach success and avoid failure. Findings revealed gender differences in how swimmers interpret their sporting experiences.
Area of Science:
- Sport Psychology
- Psychometric Scale Development
Background:
- Achievement motivation is crucial in sports.
- Existing scales may not fully capture sport-specific motivational factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To construct and validate a sports motivation scale based on Nygard and Gjesme's work.
- To measure motivation to approach success and avoid failure in athletic contexts.
Main Methods:
- Developed a 36-item pool, refined to 28 items based on test-retest reliability, content validity, and objectivity.
- Administered the scale and collected data from male and female swimmers at the 1977 Canadian Winter Swimming Championships.
Main Results:
- The final 28-item scale demonstrated reliability, validity, objectivity, and standardization.
- Significant gender differences were observed in the relationship between approach-avoidance factors and competition performance.
Conclusions:
- The developed scale is a useful tool for assessing sports motivation.
- Achievement motivation aspects are interpreted differently by male and female swimmers, highlighting gender-specific nuances in the sporting experience.