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A pilot community-based screening program for gestational diabetes

I R Merkatz, M A Duchon, T S Yamashita

    Diabetes Care
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A pilot program screened pregnant women for gestational diabetes using a 2-hour glucose challenge test. The study found an 11.5% positive screening rate, with a 3.1% detection rate for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Endocrinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses risks to both mother and fetus.
    • Early detection and management of GDM are crucial for improved pregnancy outcomes.
    • Community-based screening programs can enhance access to GDM detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot community-based screening program for gestational diabetes.
    • To analyze screening results based on maternal demographics and gestational stage.
    • To assess the efficiency of a 2-hour screening protocol.

    Main Methods:

    • A pilot community-based screening program for gestational diabetes was implemented in Cleveland, Ohio.
    • Pregnant women underwent routine testing at 24-28 weeks of gestation.

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  • Screening involved a 75-g oral glucose challenge with capillary whole blood glucose determination at 2 hours.

    • Main Results:

    • The study analyzed data from 2225 screenings.
    • An overall positive screening incidence of 11.5% (≥120 mg/dl) was observed.
    • White women showed a significantly higher rate of positive screenings compared to non-white women.
    • Follow-up oral glucose tolerance testing confirmed abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in 3.1% of participants.
    • The 2-hour screening procedure demonstrated greater efficiency than a 1-hour procedure.

    Conclusions:

    • The pilot program successfully identified women with potential gestational diabetes.
    • The 2-hour screening protocol is efficient, reducing the need for extensive follow-up testing.
    • Community-based screening for gestational diabetes is feasible and can be integrated with regionalized perinatal care.