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Hemostatic function in cancer patients

M S Kies, J J Posch, J P Giolma

    Cancer
    |August 15, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cancer patients often maintain normal hemostatic function despite advanced disease. However, low fibrinogen, antithrombin III, or high fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products indicate complications like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Clinical Pathology

    Background:

    • Cancer patients frequently experience hemostatic system alterations.
    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious complication in advanced cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate coagulation profiles in cancer patients with solid tumors and metastases.
    • To identify sensitive indicators of hemostatic dysfunction and DIC in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Coagulation profiles were assessed in 73 cancer patients.
    • Tests included complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III), plasminogen, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP).

    Main Results:

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    • 50% of non-DIC patients had normal clotting tests.
    • Depressed AT III activity, diminished fibrinogen, and elevated FDP were more sensitive indicators of DIC than prolonged PT or aPTT.
    • Most patients maintained normal hemostatic function in vitro until advanced disease stages.

    Conclusions:

    • Normal in vitro hemostatic function is common in advanced cancer patients.
    • Specific markers like FDP, fibrinogen, and AT III levels are crucial for detecting DIC.
    • Early detection of DIC through sensitive markers aids in managing cancer-related coagulopathies.