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Impulsivity: a multidimensional concept with developmental aspects

K Paulsen, M Johnson

    Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Impulsivity in preschoolers is complex, varying by age, sex, IQ, and teacher ratings. Multiple assessment tools are crucial for accurately measuring this behavior.

    Area of Science:

    • Child Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Impulsivity is a key developmental construct in early childhood.
    • Understanding impulsivity's facets is vital for educational and clinical interventions.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in preschoolers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in preschool children.
    • To identify different types of impulsivity related to age, sex, IQ, and teacher perceptions.
    • To examine the interaction between sex and age on motor activity types and rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Fifty-five preschool children participated in the study.
    • A battery of tests was administered, including Delay of Gratification, Walk-the-Line-Slowly, Matching Familiar Figures Test, Schenectady Kindergarten Rating Scales, a teacher rating scale, and the Porteus Maze Test.

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  • Statistical analyses were performed to identify dimensions of impulsivity and interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Impulsivity was found to be multidimensional, with distinct age-, sex-, IQ-, and teacher-related types.
    • An interaction between sex and age was observed regarding motor activity: 3- and 4-year-old girls and boys differed significantly, while 5-year-olds showed similar patterns.
    • The study highlights the necessity of using multiple indices for comprehensive impulsivity assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Impulsivity is not a unitary construct in preschool children.
    • Developmental trajectories of motor activity differ between sexes in early preschool years but converge by age five.
    • Comprehensive assessment using multiple measures is recommended for studying and understanding child impulsivity.