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[Poisoning by nalidixic acid in children]
Insights
Nalidixic acid intoxication in children, often iatrogenic, primarily affects infants under one year. Clinical signs include neurological changes, hypertensive cranial syndrome, and neuronal damage, necessitating careful drug use for urinary infections.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine
- Clinical Toxicology
- Pharmacology
Context:
- Review of 18 pediatric cases admitted to the Emergency Department of Hospital de Pediatría del C.M.N. (IMSS).
- Study period: 1976-1978 (3 years).
- Focus on nalidixic acid intoxication in children.
Purpose:
- To analyze the clinical histories of children diagnosed with nalidixic acid intoxication.
- To identify common clinical manifestations and mechanisms of intoxication.
- To review appropriate indications for nalidixic acid use.
Summary:
- Iatrogenic nalidixic acid intoxication was most frequent, particularly in infants under one year.
- Key clinical findings included altered alertness, hypertensive cranial syndrome, and neuronal damage.
- Treatment involved gastric lavage, supportive care, acid-base correction, and seizure control.
Impact:
- Highlights the risks of nalidixic acid in pediatric populations.
- Emphasizes the importance of cautious prescription for urinary tract infections.
- Informs clinical practice regarding management of nalidixic acid overdose.
Abstract:
A review was made of the clinical histories of 18 children who were admitted to the Emergency Department of the Hospital de Pediatría del C.M.N. (IMSS) with the diagnosis of nalidixic acid intoxication. The study covered a period of 3 years, from 1976 through 1978. There were no differences as to sex; infants under one year were most frequently attached; iatrogenesis was the most frequent mechanism. The clinical manifestations were characterized by neurological disorders of the state of alertness, hypertensive cranial syndrome and neuronal damage; there was metabolic acidosis in other cases. Treatment included gastric lavage, general measures, correction of acid-base unbalance, control of convulsive crises. Indications for the use of nalidixic acid are reviewed stressing that it must be used in urinary infections and as second choice drug.