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Distribution of otitis media among four Indian populations in Arizona
Insights
Preschool Indian children frequently experience acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM). Early onset and recurrent ASOM in infants indicate a high risk for serious ear disease and hearing loss.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Otolaryngology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) is a common childhood infection.
- Understanding the epidemiology of ASOM in Indian children is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the incidence and patterns of ASOM in Indian children.
- To identify risk factors for recurrent ASOM and associated complications like hearing loss.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of ASOM cases in Indian children from May 1974 to March 1979.
- Data collection on age of onset, frequency of attacks, and timing of recurrent episodes.
Main Results:
- Over 75% of ASOM cases occurred in preschool children.
- 60% of infants had at least one ASOM attack in their first year; 34% had two or more.
- Children experiencing ASOM before age one, followed by a second attack within four months, are at high risk for serious ear disease and hearing loss.
Conclusions:
- ASOM disproportionately affects young Indian children, particularly those under one year.
- Recurrent ASOM, especially early-onset and closely spaced attacks, identifies a high-risk group for severe ear pathology.
- Preventive and control strategies for ASOM should prioritize high-risk infants and young children.
Abstract:
More than 75 percent of the cases of acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) among Indian children observed from May 1974 through March 1979 were experienced by preschool children. About 60 percent of the children observed during the first year of life had one or more attacks of ASOM, and 34 percent had two or more. Among those who had ASOM before their first birthday, 75 percent of the attacks occurred between 3 and 9 months of age. About 73 percent of the initial attacks were recorded during the first year of life among children observed from 3 to 5 years; almost 90 percent occurred before the second birthday. Approximately 75 percent of the second attacks occurred within 4 months of the first. More than 70 percent of the initial attacks before age 1 were followed by 1 or more subsequent attacks during the next 12 months. When the initial attack occurred during the second year of life, subsequent attacks were experienced by less than half as many children. Children at high risk of serious ear disease, including hearing loss, are characterized by having an attack of ASOM before their first birthday followed by a second attack within 4 months of the first. Efforts to control and prevent ASOM should selectively be directed toward this group.