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Injuries of basal ganglia following head trauma in children

Y Maki, H Akimoto, T Enomoto

    Child'S Brain
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pediatric head trauma can cause basal ganglia injuries like infarction or hemorrhage, leading to hemiparesis. Anterior stretch of the middle cerebral artery

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pediatric Traumatology

    Background:

    • Head trauma in children can result in significant neurological deficits.
    • Injuries to the basal ganglia are a critical concern in pediatric head injury cases.

    Observation:

    • Seven pediatric patients (10 months to 10 years) with basal ganglia injuries post-head trauma were analyzed.
    • Mild head trauma cases (falls) showed hemiparesis and unilateral basal ganglia infarction with good recovery.
    • Severe head trauma cases (vehicle accidents) presented with brain contusion, hemiparesis, and either unilateral infarction or massive basal ganglia hemorrhage.

    Findings:

    • All patients exhibited hemiparesis, with varying degrees of basal ganglia injury (infarction or hemorrhage).
    • Despite severe CT findings, external injuries were minor, suggesting internal shearing forces.
    • The study proposes anterior stretch of the lateral branch of the middle cerebral artery's perforator as a key pathogenic mechanism.

    Implications:

    • This research highlights a specific mechanism for basal ganglia injury in pediatric head trauma.
    • Understanding this pathogenesis may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected children.
    • The findings challenge solely relying on the shearing strain theory, proposing a more localized vascular cause.

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