Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026

07:23
Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
Published on: June 9, 2011
Everglades virus infection in man, 1975
Southern Medical Journal
|November 1, 1980
Summary
A visitor to Everglades National Park developed fever and headache after their trip. Researchers identified the cause as Everglades virus (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, subtype II), a mosquito-borne illness.
Area of Science:
- Arbovirology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The Everglades National Park in south Florida is a known habitat for various mosquito species that can transmit arboviruses.
- Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions.
Observation:
- A 43-year-old male presented with symptoms including fever, malaise, myalgia, severe headache, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy within 72 hours of visiting Everglades National Park.
- The patient's clinical presentation suggested a possible arboviral infection.
Findings:
- Everglades virus (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, subtype II) was successfully isolated from the patient's blood sample five days post-symptom onset.
- This isolation confirms Everglades virus as the etiological agent responsible for the patient's illness.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential risk of arboviral infections, specifically Everglades virus, for visitors to endemic areas like Everglades National Park.
- Early diagnosis and identification of the causative agent are crucial for effective patient management and public health surveillance of VEEV.
- Further research into the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Everglades virus in Florida is warranted to inform prevention strategies.
Related Concept Videos
Viral Recombination
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Retroviruses
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

