[Transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate]

Transrectal aspiration biopsy and cytologic examination are reliable methods to diagnose a carcinoma of the prostate. However, it is not widely used in other than Scandinavian countries. The reason for this is the difficulty of using a correct biopsy technique and a good preparation of the smear. The technique is not as easy as one may think and must be taught carefully. The diagnostic accuracy depends mostly on the clinician who performs the needling, less on the cytopathologist. Cytological grading is a valuable indicator for the biological activity of a carcinoma of the prostate. Cytological follow-up of a treated carcinoma gives important information about the effectiveness of therapy.