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Platelets in myeloproliferative disorders. I. A comparative evaluation with certain platelet function tests

B Boneu, C Nouvel, P Sie

    Scandinavian Journal of Haematology
    |September 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Platelet function abnormalities are common in myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) but not secondary polycythaemia. Severe issues were seen in acute myeloid leukaemia and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, independent of platelet count.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are a group of conditions characterized by the overproduction of myeloid cells.
    • Platelet dysfunction can occur in MPDs, but its characteristics across different MPDs are not fully understood.
    • Secondary polycythaemia (SP) is a condition of increased red blood cells not caused by intrinsic bone marrow issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate and compare platelet functions in patients with various myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and secondary polycythaemia (SP).
    • To determine if platelet abnormalities correlate with disease stage, thrombocytosis, or other clinical parameters in MPDs.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluated bleeding time, epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, and platelet adhesiveness in patients with MPDs and SP.

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  • Utilized electronic methods to assess macrothrombocytosis.
  • Analyzed data from 89 chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients, 58 polycythaemia vera (PV) patients, 23 essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, 25 agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) patients, and 24 SP patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Platelet aggregation and adhesiveness were generally consistent with literature findings and independent of thrombocytosis, hemoglobin, or leucocyte count.
    • Macrothrombocytosis was primarily observed in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), especially during acute blast crisis.
    • An increased percentage of light platelets was a consistent finding across most MPD groups, except for SP and some PV patients.
    • The most significant platelet abnormalities were noted in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) and CML in acute stages.

    Conclusions:

    • Platelet function abnormalities are prevalent in MPDs but absent in SP.
    • Specific platelet changes like macrothrombocytosis and increased light platelets characterize certain MPDs.
    • While severe platelet abnormalities occur in AMM and acute CML, they do not correlate with survival in chronic CML.