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Related Experiment Videos

Allocating visual attention: tests of a two-process model

D N Johnson1, S Yantis

  • 1Section on Cognitive Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Visual cueing speeds target identification, with benefits varying by cue validity. This study refutes a 2-process attention model, favoring a 1-process model where perceptual objects are sampled in parallel.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Attention Research

Background:

  • Visual search performance improves with advance location cues.
  • Cue validity significantly influences the magnitude of this attentional benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the response time mixture prediction of J. Jonides's (1983) 2-process model of attention.
  • To evaluate a 1-process model alternative for visual cueing effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental testing of response time predictions.
  • Stochastic simulation of a 1-process parallel sampling model.

Main Results:

  • The 2-process model's predictions were contradicted by experimental data.
  • A 1-process model, positing parallel sampling based on cue validity, successfully paralleled experimental findings.

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Conclusions:

  • The findings reject the 2-process model of attentional readiness.
  • A 1-process model provides a better account of visual cueing effects in target identification.