Respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of respiratory illness in infants and children, affecting almost 100% of children by the age of 3 years. Mild RSV infection usually involves only the upper respiratory tract, while the lower respiratory tract is involved in severe disease. This article addresses the epidemiology of RSV infection, transmission of the disease, predisposing conditions, clinical course, diagnosis, and management. The majority of children can be managed on an outpatient basis, while some will require hospitalization. Outpatient management, with a focus on adequate hydration, humidification, and comfort measures, is emphasized with a brief overview of the management of the hospitalized patient. Breast-feeding, crowded conditions, and hand washing are discussed relative to primary and secondary prevention.