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Childhood cancer

G J Draper1, M E Kroll, C A Stiller

  • 1Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford.

Cancer Surveys
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood cancer incidence shows slight increases in specific types like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and brain tumors, with notable exceptions in Kaposi

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Understanding trends in childhood cancer incidence is crucial for public health.
  • Previous analyses have identified variations in childhood cancer rates globally.
  • The British National Registry of Childhood Tumours provides valuable data for trend analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in the incidence of major childhood cancers in Britain and globally.
  • To identify potential changes in diagnostic practices affecting reported incidence rates.
  • To assess the evidence for widespread risk factors for childhood cancers over the past 30 years.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of incidence trends using data from the British National Registry of Childhood Tumours.

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  • Summarization of published reports from international cancer registries.
  • Calculation of rate changes from successive volumes of 'Cancer Incidence in Five Continents'.

    • Main Results:

    • Limited evidence suggests a small increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence.
    • Increased incidence of brain tumors is observed, potentially due to diagnostic changes.
    • Good evidence indicates an increase in neuroblastoma incidence; notable exceptions include Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda and thyroid carcinoma in Belarus.

    Conclusions:

    • No widespread significant risk factor for childhood cancer appears to have been introduced in the last 30 years.
    • Observed increases in specific childhood cancers may be attributed to improved diagnostics or ascertainment.
    • Mortality trend analyses are primarily useful for evaluating the impact of improved cancer treatments.