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Structure and function of nitric oxide synthases

R Hattori1, K Sase, H Eizawa

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.

International Journal of Cardiology
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Nitric oxide (NO) plays diverse roles in the nervous and immune systems. Researchers cloned the human endothelial NOS gene, identifying repetitive regions that may link to cardiovascular disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO), the active component of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, has diverse biological functions.
  • NO is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), with three known isoforms: neuronal (type I), inducible (type II), and endothelial (type III).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the structural similarities and differences among NOS isoforms.
  • To report the cloning of the human endothelial NOS gene.
  • To explore the potential for DNA polymorphism in the endothelial NOS gene and its association with cardiovascular disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of NOS isoform structures, focusing on binding domains and cellular localization.
  • Gene cloning techniques for the human endothelial NOS gene.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification of repetitive regions within the endothelial NOS gene sequence.

    • Main Results:

    • All NOS isoforms share fundamental structures including calmodulin-, FMN-, FAD-, and NADPH-binding domains.
    • Inducible NOS binds calmodulin independently of Ca2+, unlike neuronal and endothelial NOS.
    • Endothelial NOS is membrane-bound via N-myristoylation, while other isoforms are soluble.
    • The human endothelial NOS gene contains highly repetitive regions.

    Conclusions:

    • The structural similarities and differences among NOS isoforms are key to their distinct functions.
    • The cloned human endothelial NOS gene presents potential sites for DNA polymorphism.
    • Further investigation into the relationship between endothelial NOS gene polymorphism and cardiovascular disorders is warranted.