The proteasome pathway is required for cytokine-induced endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule expression

Multiple cell adhesion proteins are up-regulated in vascular endothelial cells in response to TNF alpha and other inflammatory cytokines. This increase in cell adhesion gene expression is thought to require the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Here, we show that peptide aldehyde inhibitors of the proteasome, a multicatalytic protease recently shown to be required for the activation of NF-kappa B, block TNF alpha induction of the leukocyte adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Striking functional consequences of this inhibition were observed in analyses of leukocyte-endothelial interactions under defined flow conditions. Lymphocyte attachment to TNF alpha-treated endothelial monolayers was totally blocked, while neutrophil attachment was partially reduced but transmigration was essentially prevented.