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Canine distemper virus-specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis
C Rohowsky-Kochan1, P C Dowling, S D Cook
1Department of Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA.
Abstract:
Current postulates support the idea that MS is triggered by an infectious agent or agents through an autoimmune reaction directed against brain antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Evidence for an infectious etiology of MS is indirect. We have proposed that MS may, in some instances, be due to a zoonotic infection and that canine distemper virus, a measles-like virus in dogs, is a likely candidate in the causation of this disorder. The high homology between canine distemper and measles virus proteins has made it extremely difficult to distinguish distemper from measles antibodies serologically. We now provide evidence that humans can be infected with this neurotropic dog virus. Furthermore, a high titer of canine distemper virus antibodies is significantly associated with MS. Identification of the etiologic agent in MS may lead to the elucidation of disease pathogenesis and to disease prevention through appropriate public health and vaccination programs.
Insights
Canine distemper virus may cause multiple sclerosis (MS) in genetically susceptible individuals. Research shows a significant association between high canine distemper virus antibody titers and MS, suggesting a potential zoonotic cause.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be triggered by an infectious agent causing an autoimmune reaction against brain antigens in genetically susceptible individuals.
- Evidence for an infectious cause of MS is largely indirect.
- Canine distemper virus (CDV), a measles-like virus in dogs, is a proposed zoonotic agent implicated in MS causation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential role of canine distemper virus (CDV) in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To determine if humans can be infected with CDV and if CDV antibodies are associated with MS.
Main Methods:
- Serological analysis to detect antibodies against canine distemper virus.
- Statistical association studies correlating antibody titers with MS diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests that humans can be infected with the neurotropic canine distemper virus.
- A significantly high titer of canine distemper virus antibodies was found to be associated with multiple sclerosis.
Conclusions:
- Canine distemper virus is a potential etiological agent in some cases of multiple sclerosis.
- Identification of CDV as a causative agent could advance understanding of MS pathogenesis and inform public health strategies, including vaccination.