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Related Experiment Videos

Biochemistry of prostate specific antigen, PSA

J Malm1, H Lilja

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by prostate tissue. Elevated serum PSA levels are significant for diagnosing and monitoring prostate cancer (CAP).

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by the human glandular kallikrein gene on chromosome 19.
  • It is primarily expressed in prostate tissue and is a major protein in seminal fluid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and functions of PSA.
  • To explain the different forms of PSA found in semen and serum.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of serum PSA levels in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical characterization of PSA.
  • Analysis of PSA's enzymatic activity and complex formation in vitro.
  • Review of clinical applications of serum PSA testing.

Main Results:

  • Mature PSA is a 237-amino acid serine protease responsible for semen gel dissolution.
  • In semen, PSA is largely active, while in serum, it predominantly exists complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT).
  • Serum PSA levels increase in patients with prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

  • PSA plays a key role in semen liquefaction.
  • Understanding PSA's molecular forms is crucial for interpreting its clinical utility.
  • Serum PSA analysis is a vital tool for prostate cancer diagnosis and management.

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