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Pressure and shear: their effects on support surface choice

R Jay

    Ostomy/Wound Management
    |September 1, 1995
    PubMed
    Summary

    Understanding pressure and shear forces is crucial for selecting appropriate patient support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers. Effective surfaces must meet seven key requirements to relieve these forces and ensure patient well-being.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Nursing Care

    Background:

    • Pressure ulcers are a significant concern in healthcare, often developing due to external forces on the body.
    • Patient support surfaces are designed to mitigate these forces, but their effectiveness varies.
    • Understanding the physics of pressure and shear is essential for selecting appropriate surfaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the physical forces of pressure and shear that contribute to pressure ulcer development.
    • To outline the essential requirements for patient support surfaces to effectively relieve these forces.
    • To provide a framework for choosing the most suitable support surface based on its theoretical capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • The article defines pressure as a vertical force and shear as a horizontal force.
    • It details seven fundamental requirements for support surfaces: conformity, minimal memory, immersion, non-bottoming out, shear relief, skin maceration prevention, and comfort.
    • Six types of support surfaces are reviewed for their theoretical ability to meet these requirements.

    Main Results:

    • Pressure is the body's weight pressing down; shear involves horizontal friction between the body and surface.
    • Support surfaces must conform to body contours, allow immersion, prevent bottoming out, and manage shear forces.
    • Key requirements include preventing skin maceration and ensuring patient comfort.

    Conclusions:

    • A thorough understanding of pressure, shear, and the seven essential surface requirements is vital.
    • This knowledge facilitates informed selection of patient support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers.
    • Choosing the right surface based on theoretical performance can improve patient outcomes and comfort.

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