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Triopia: craniofacial malformation with prosencephalic duplication

E J Stelnicki1, J L Marsh, T A Woolsey

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
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This case study describes triopia, a rare condition featuring three eyes and associated complex craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies. Imaging revealed duplicated cerebral hemispheres alongside the duplicated ocular structures.

Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging and genetics
  • Developmental biology
  • Ophthalmology and neurology

Background:

  • Congenital anomalies present unique diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Ocular duplication is an extremely rare condition, often associated with other developmental abnormalities.
  • Understanding the genetic and developmental origins of complex craniofacial and neurological malformations is crucial.

Observation:

  • A case of triopia is presented, characterized by three eyes: two in the left orbit and one in the right.
  • The patient exhibited complex craniofacial and central nervous system malformations.
  • Independent ocular adnexa were noted for the duplicated globes.

Findings:

  • Computer-assisted medical imaging delineated both intra- and extracranial anomalies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the ocular duplication was also found to be duplicated.
  • The right orbit contained a single, normally functioning globe.

    • Implications:

    • This case provides insight into the potential developmental pathways of duplicated ocular and cerebral structures.
    • The findings suggest a possible link between the duplication of eye primordia and secondary prosencephalon.
    • Further research into the genetic and embryological basis of such complex malformations is warranted.