[Isolated enterocytes as an object of functional morphology]
Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia)
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Isolated rat jejunum enterocytes maintain their characteristics and function. Their mitochondria and succinate dehydrogenase activity are influenced by the cell
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Histology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Isolated enterocytes are crucial for studying intestinal function.
- Understanding enterocyte morphology and cytochemistry is vital for digestive physiology research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize isolated rat jejunum enterocytes morphologically and cytochemically.
- To investigate the functional state of isolated enterocytes based on their metabolic activity and mitochondrial behavior.
Main Methods:
- Mechanical isolation of rat jejunum enterocytes after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt treatment.
- Staining with hematoxylin, carmine, and Janus green.
- Histochemical reactions for alkaline phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, ATP-ase, and glycosaminoglycans.
- Incubation of enterocytes with various substrates (glucose, maltose, glycine, triolein) under different oxygenation conditions.
Main Results:
- Isolated enterocytes exhibited significant resemblance to in-vivo intestinal epithelium in cytological and cytochemical features.
- Histochemical analysis revealed the presence of key enzymes and glycosaminoglycans.
- Mitochondrial topography and succinate dehydrogenase activity were found to be dependent on the functional state of the enterocytes, influenced by substrate availability and oxygenation.
Conclusions:
- The isolation method preserves the essential characteristics of rat jejunum enterocytes.
- Enterocyte functional state, particularly mitochondrial activity, is adaptable and responsive to metabolic and environmental cues.
Related Concept Videos
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin
Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Histology of the Small Intestine
The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
Absorption of Nutrients
Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Microbial Morphologies
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...


