Spatial distribution and temporal change in cytosolic pH and [Ca2+] in resting and activated single human platelets

In human platelets, a rapid rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and slower rise in cytoplasmic pH follow stimulation by thrombin. With the Ca2+ probe Fura-2 and the pH probe SNARF-1 for digitized fluorescence microscopy, we studied simultaneously the distribution and changes with time of [pH]i and [Ca2+]i in individual human platelets. In platelets coloaded with both probes, the probes had no detectable fluorescence at each other's excitation wavelength. The monovalent cation ionophore, nigericin (2 microM), produced a homogeneous rise in pH but no change in [Ca2+]. Platelets, in contact with glass, spread and developed an irregular, apparently mutually independent rise in both [Ca2+] and pH. Stimulation of platelets by thrombin 1.0 U/ml elevated [Ca2+]i and produced slow alkalinization without initial acidification. Replacement of extracellular Na+ by choline abolished thrombin-induced alkalinization, but had no effect on thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i elevation. ADP 10 microM caused a rapid rise of [Ca2+]i and transient alkalinization. Most stimulated platelets developed a gradient in pH, that was highest in the center. ADP and thrombin caused oscillation of [Ca2+]i but not of [pH]i. We conclude that alkalinization in stimulated platelets, presumably involving Na+/H+ antiport, is not essential for the rise of [Ca2+]i that may accompany it.