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Skin cancer

B K Armstrong1, A Kricker

  • 1Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra

Dermatologic Clinics
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Worldwide, skin cancer incidence is high, with melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancer affecting millions annually. Sun exposure is a primary cause, and incidence rates are increasing globally, particularly in fair-skinned populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancer represent significant global health burdens, with estimated annual occurrences of 92,000 and 2,750,000 cases, respectively.
  • Incidence rates exhibit substantial geographic variation, ranging from low rates in Asian populations to extremely high rates in fair-skinned populations, such as those in Australia.
  • Melanoma incidence has shown a consistent annual increase of 3%–7% in white populations over the past three decades, with recent sharp rises potentially linked to improved early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the global incidence and trends of melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancer.
  • To identify the primary etiological factors, with a focus on solar and nonsolar ultraviolet radiation exposure.
  • To discuss the role of sun exposure patterns and other environmental factors in skin cancer development.

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Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes epidemiological data on skin cancer incidence and trends.
  • It examines the established and emerging etiological factors, including ultraviolet radiation from various sources.
  • The review analyzes the relationship between sun exposure patterns and skin cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • Sun exposure is identified as the principal cause of skin cancer, responsible for at least 65% of melanomas worldwide and a higher proportion in white populations.
  • An intermittent pattern of sun exposure is associated with the greatest risk for melanoma and likely basal cell carcinoma.
  • Nonsolar sources of ultraviolet radiation (sunlamps, sunbeds) and established causes like PUVA therapy and ionizing radiation contribute to skin cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Sun exposure, both in amount and pattern, is a critical determinant of skin cancer risk.
  • Increasing incidence rates highlight the need for public health strategies focused on sun protection and awareness.
  • Further research into the specific mechanisms and contributing factors of skin cancer is warranted.