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Related Experiment Videos

Epithelial cell polarity: new perspectives

A H Le Gall1, C Yeaman, A Muesch

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Seminars in Nephrology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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The epithelial polarity program: machineries involved and their hijacking by cancer.

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Polarity and developmental regulation of two PDZ proteins in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2001
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Protein trafficking in the exocytic pathway of polarized epithelial cells.

Trends in cell biology·2001
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Sec6/8 complexes on trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane regulate late stages of exocytosis in mammalian cells.

The Journal of cell biology·2001
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The Sec6/8 complex in mammalian cells: characterization of mammalian Sec3, subunit interactions, and expression of subunits in polarized cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2001
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Selective control of basolateral membrane protein polarity by cdc42.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)·2001

Epithelial cells maintain distinct apical and basolateral membrane domains through protein sorting mechanisms. These processes, crucial for cell function, occur at the trans-Golgi network and basolateral endosome.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Epithelial cells exhibit distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains.
  • These domains differ in protein and lipid composition, enabling vectorial functions.
  • The tight junction and cortical cytoskeleton are key structures in maintaining membrane domain integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of distinct epithelial membrane domains.
  • To elucidate the intracellular sites and molecular signals involved in apical and basolateral protein sorting.
  • To explore the relationship between protein sorting and signal transduction pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein and lipid composition in apical and basolateral membrane domains.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of the role of the tight junction and cortical cytoskeleton.
  • Identification of intracellular sorting sites, including the trans-Golgi network and basolateral endosome.
  • Examination of signal transduction pathways involving heterotrimeric G proteins and protein kinases.

    • Main Results:

    • Apical and basolateral proteins are sorted and targeted to their respective destinations.
    • Sorting occurs primarily at the trans-Golgi network and basolateral endosome.
    • Apical sorting signals are located in luminal domains or GPI anchors, while basolateral signals are in cytoplasmic domains.
    • Protein traffic is regulated by signal transduction pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Epithelial cells generate membrane asymmetry through sophisticated protein sorting mechanisms.
    • Specific signals within proteins direct them to either apical or basolateral pathways.
    • Basolateral sorting mechanisms share similarities with endocytosis, suggesting a mechanistic link.