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Spider bites

J R Blackman1

  • 1Rocky Mountain Center for Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, Boise, ID, USA.

The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spider bites vary in severity, from minor to life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and management of venomous spider bites, like those from brown recluse and black widow spiders, are crucial for patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Arachnology

Background:

  • Spider bites are a common clinical concern.
  • Many species can inflict bites, but most have minor medical significance.
  • Severe reactions necessitate specific medical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide physicians with a clinical approach to diagnosing and managing spider bites.
  • To review current literature on managing severe spider bite complications.
  • To differentiate between common and medically significant spider envenomations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of MEDLINE using keywords: "spider bites," "brown recluse spider bites," "necrotic arachnidism," "black widow spider bites," "latrodectism," and "Tegenaria agrestis (Hobo spider)."
  • Consultation of texts on spiders and spider bites.

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  • Focus on articles relevant to practicing physicians.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 60 spider species are implicated in human bites.
    • Most spider bites are of minimal medical importance.
    • Brown recluse and Hobo spider bites can cause severe cutaneous and systemic reactions.
    • Black widow spider bites can lead to severe neurologic issues, potentially requiring antivenin.

    Conclusions:

    • Spider bites are often difficult to diagnose as the spider is rarely identified.
    • Severe reactions from specific spiders (e.g., brown recluse, black widow) require intensive medical management.
    • Bites where the spider is not identified should be classified as "arthropod bites, vector unknown."