Plasma clearance of nonradioactive iohexol as a measure of glomerular filtration rate

Renal clearance of inulin is the best available indicator of GFR but cannot be used routinely for clinical purposes and is also difficult to perform for clinical investigation when repeated measurements are required. The aim of this study was to find a reliable alternative to inulin clearance that would allow one to avoid the use of radioactivity and problems related to the continuous infusion of the marker. The plasma clearance of unlabeled iohexol, a nonionic contrast agent, was used. Forty-one patients (creatinine clearance 6 to 160 mL/min per 1.73 m2) underwent simultaneous measurements of renal clearance of inulin and plasma clearance of iohexol. Iohexol was given as a single iv dose, and blood samples were drawn up to 600 min after the administration. Iohexol concentrations (by HPLC) were analyzed by a two-compartment, open-model system. A highly significant correlation between the plasma clearance of iohexol and the renal clearance of inulin over a wide range of GFR values was found. By analyzing the data with a simplified method that uses a one-compartment model corrected with the Bröchner-Mortensen formula, an excellent correlation with the inulin clearance was also observed. When only patients with moderate to severe renal failure were considered, a significant correlation between the two methods was found. A further comparison between GFR determined with iohexol and iopromide, a new low-osmolarity, low-viscosity contrast medium, was also performed in a subgroup of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)