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Dementias

R Katzman

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |August 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Alzheimer type dementia is a growing concern in aging populations, with unknown environmental factors and no cure. Identifying reversible causes of dementia through thorough patient workups is crucial.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Geriatrics
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Alzheimer type dementia is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease linked to aging.
    • Pathophysiological changes include bihelical filaments and loss of choline acetyltransferase.
    • Environmental risk factors and specific treatments for Alzheimer's remain elusive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the causes of dementia, focusing on Alzheimer type and cerebrovascular disease.
    • To highlight the importance of identifying reversible causes of dementia.
    • To emphasize the need for comprehensive patient evaluation.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of dementia causes and risk factors.
    • Analysis of pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer type dementia.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches for reversible dementia.

    • Main Results:

    • Alzheimer type dementia involves specific pathological hallmarks but lacks identified environmental triggers or cures.
    • Cerebrovascular disease, particularly multi-infarct dementia and lacunar states, is the second leading cause, often linked to hypertension.
    • Reversible causes of dementia include normal pressure hydrocephalus, CNS infections, tumors, and metabolic disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive workup is essential for all dementia patients to identify potentially reversible conditions.
    • Hypertension is a significant factor in cerebrovascular dementia.
    • Further research is needed to identify environmental risk factors for Alzheimer type dementia.