Neuroendocrine responses to methylphenidate and d-amphetamine: applications to attention-deficit disorder

The authors reviewed the studies of the neuroendocrine secretion of growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol as they relate to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies to date have focused on the hormonal responses to the stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) in children and adults. The authors discuss the methodologic limitations of current studies, the implications of this research for an understanding of the pathophysiology of ADHD, as well as the mechanisms of action of the stimulants and the side effect of stimulant-related growth suppression. They also suggest directions for future research.