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Complications of growth hormone therapy in children
1Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8111, USA.
Insights
Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy is increasingly used, prompting safety reviews. Current evidence suggests GH treatment is safe, but long-term patient monitoring remains essential.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Recombinant DNA technology has increased access to human growth hormone (GH) for therapeutic use.
- Expanded indications for GH treatment raise questions about its safety profile beyond GH deficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the safety of human growth hormone (GH) therapy.
- To evaluate the effects of GH on various physiological systems and potential risks.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on GH effects.
- Analysis of safety data concerning metabolism, intracranial pressure, skeletal changes, malignancy, and immune function.
Main Results:
- GH influences fluid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.
- No definitive increased risk of intracranial hypertension, malignancy, or adverse immune effects observed.
- Skeletal effects require ongoing evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Current data indicate that human growth hormone (GH) treatment is generally safe.
- Long-term follow-up studies are crucial for comprehensive safety assessment in treated patients.
Abstract:
The introduction of human growth hormone (GH) prepared by recombinant DNA technology has resulted in increased numbers of children and adults receiving treatment. This trend has led to questions concerning the safety of GH, particularly when used for indications other than GH deficiency. This review discusses the effects of GH on fluid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism; the risk of intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri; the effects on the skeletal system; the risk of malignancy; and the effects on the immune system. At present, GH treatment appears to be safe, although long-term follow-up of GH-treated patients is necessary.