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Complement-dependent stimulation of normal lymphocytes by immune complexes

L S Soderberg, A H Coons

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Antibody-antigen complexes stimulate rabbit lymphocyte proliferation, a process dependent on complement (C) activity. The alternative complement pathway is involved, and stimulation occurs in lymphocytes from various tissues but not thymocytes.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Complement System

    Background:

    • Lymphocyte proliferation is a key immune response.
    • The role of the complement system in lymphocyte activation by immune complexes requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of complement activity in the in vitro proliferation of normal rabbit lymphocytes stimulated by antibody-antigen complexes.
    • To determine the specific complement pathway involved in this stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro culture of normal rabbit lymphocytes from various tissues (peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node) and thymocytes.
    • Stimulation with antibody-antigen complexes using serum with varying complement (C) activity (normal, heat-inactivated, zymosan-treated, C4-deficient guinea pig serum).

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  • Assessment of lymphocyte proliferation in response to stimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Lymphocyte proliferation was dependent on active complement (C) activity.
    • Heat-inactivation or zymosan-treatment of serum abolished or significantly reduced responsiveness.
    • Stimulation with immune complexes was sustained by C4-deficient guinea pig serum, indicating alternative complement pathway involvement.
    • Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node proliferated, but thymocytes did not.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement (C) activity is essential for the in vitro proliferation of rabbit lymphocytes stimulated by antibody-antigen complexes.
    • The alternative complement pathway plays a significant role in this immune response.
    • Specific lymphocyte populations, excluding thymocytes, are responsive to immune complex-mediated stimulation.