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Related Experiment Videos

Planning for hand shape and arm transport when reaching for objects

R L Klatzky1, T G Fikes, J W Pellegrino

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA.

Acta Psychologica
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

People plan hand shaping and arm transport before reaching. This planning occurs in parallel, with the task initiating only after both components are prepared, ensuring efficient object manipulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Object manipulation involves two key components: hand shaping and arm transport.
  • Understanding the planning and coordination of these components is crucial for motor control research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether individuals plan hand shaping and arm transport before initiating a reach.
  • To explore the coordination and parallel processing of these pre-reaching planning stages.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving reaching and contacting objects with specific hand configurations (pinch, poke, palm, clench).
  • Reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) were measured, with object color and structure providing cues for hand shape and precision demands.

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Main Results:

  • Compatible stimulus-to-hand-shape mapping significantly reduced RT, indicating pre-movement hand shaping planning.
  • Contact precision requirements influenced MT and showed a smaller RT effect, suggesting pre-movement arm transport planning.
  • A parallel planning model, where reaching onset is delayed until both hand shaping and arm transport planning are complete, was supported.

Conclusions:

  • Hand shaping and arm transport planning occur in parallel before the execution of reaching movements.
  • The onset of reaching is contingent upon the completion of the slower of these two planning processes.
  • This parallel planning mechanism optimizes the efficiency and precision of object manipulation.