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An amperometric opiate assay

P J Holt1, L D Stephens, N C Bruce

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers developed a novel enzymatic assay for detecting heroin and morphine. This new method offers a rapid and sensitive alternative to existing chromatographic and immunoassay techniques for opioid detection.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Current methods for detecting diacetylmorphine (heroin) and morphine rely on chromatography or immunoassay.
  • No enzymatic detection methods have been previously reported for these opioids or their metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel enzymatic assay for the detection and measurement of diacetylmorphine (heroin) and morphine.
  • To characterize novel microbial enzymes for potential use in opioid detection.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of two novel microbial enzymes: acetylmorphine carboxyesterase (heroin esterase) and morphine dehydrogenase (MDH).
  • Incorporation of these enzymes into an amperometric assay using phenazine methosulphate as a mediator.

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Main Results:

  • The novel enzymes demonstrated high specificity for heroin and morphine.
  • The developed amperometric assay provided a rapid and sensitive response to heroin and morphine.
  • A detection limit for morphine of 6.8 µg/mL (23.7 µM) was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • A new, highly specific enzymatic method for detecting heroin and morphine has been successfully developed.
  • This enzymatic assay presents a promising, sensitive, and rapid alternative to existing opioid detection techniques.