Temporal locus of knowledge of results: a meta-analytic review

Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal locus of knowledge of results. An extensive literature review was conducted, yielding 17 published articles suitable for the meta-analyses. These studies were then separated into 2 general categories of acquisition and retention. These categories were subdivided further into KR delay interval, KR delay and motor interpolated activities, KR delay and verbal interpolated activities, post-KR interval, post-KR interval and motor interpolated activities, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities. 6 of the 12 categories gave enough data for the meta-analyses. The categories which showed significant results were KR-delay, post-KR interval, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities in acquisition. Although significant, effect sizes were comparatively small. The discussion of findings focused on effects of the temporal locus of KR and interpolated activities on performance and learning.