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Patterns of knowing: review, critique, and update
1Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
ANS. Advances in Nursing Science
|June 1, 1995
Summary
Carper's established nursing knowledge patterns are explored, suggesting a new sociopolitical knowing pattern. Modifications are proposed for existing nursing knowledge models to enhance inquiry into practice.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Epistemology
- Sociology
Background:
- Carper's patterns of knowing, established in 1978, are foundational in nursing literature.
- The relevance of these patterns to contemporary nursing knowledge requires re-evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the applicability of Carper's patterns of knowing in the mid-1990s.
- To propose an extension to Carper's model by adding a fifth pattern: sociopolitical knowing.
- To suggest modifications to the Jacobs-Kramer and Chinn model for nursing knowledge.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and conceptual analysis of existing nursing knowledge frameworks.
- Exploration of the evolution of nursing knowledge and practice since 1978.
Main Results:
- Carper's original four patterns may not fully encompass the breadth of nursing knowledge in the mid-1990s.
- Sociopolitical knowing is identified as a crucial, yet unaddressed, dimension of nursing knowledge.
- The Jacobs-Kramer and Chinn model can be refined for enhanced inquiry into nursing.
Conclusions:
- The addition of sociopolitical knowing is essential for a comprehensive understanding of nursing knowledge.
- Adapting existing nursing knowledge models is necessary to support robust inquiry into nursing practice and theory.