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Does influenza cause schizophrenia? A five year review

J McGrath¹, D Castle

¹Clinical Studies Unit, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Queensland.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

|March 1, 1995

Summary

Prenatal exposure to influenza may be linked to schizophrenia risk in offspring, though evidence remains limited. Further research is needed to confirm this potential association and understand its implications.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

A growing body of literature explores the link between prenatal influenza exposure and schizophrenia risk in offspring.
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia provides a theoretical framework for this association.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and evaluate the existing literature on prenatal influenza exposure and schizophrenia risk.
To assess the evidence using traditional epidemiological criteria for causality.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of studies examining the association between influenza epidemics and schizophrenia.
Application of epidemiological criteria (e.g., consistency, strength, specificity) to evaluate causality.

Main Results:

A modest consistency exists for an association between the 1957 influenza epidemic and later schizophrenia.
Evidence for influenza epidemics in general is less consistent.
Two cohort studies of the 1957 epidemic did not support an association; overall strength and specificity remain weak.

Conclusions:

The putative association between prenatal influenza exposure and schizophrenia requires further investigation.
Future research should aim to clarify the strength and nature of this potential link.

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