[Polycystic ovaries: an imprecise ultrasonographic definition]

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Gynecology
• Pathology

Background:

• The term 'ovarian dystrophy' lacks a precise definition and is often misused.
• Existing classifications do not adequately distinguish between different types of ovarian follicle pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a modern terminology for ovarian follicle pathology.
• To differentiate between microfollicular and macrofollicular ovarian diseases.
• To establish clear clinical correlates and etiological entities for each type.

Main Methods:

• Review and analysis of existing literature on ovarian pathology.
• Development of a new classification system based on follicle maturation and growth.
• Correlation of pathological findings with clinical symptoms and etiological factors.

Main Results:

• Two distinct types of ovarian follicle pathology are identified: microfollicular disease and macrofollicular disease.
• Microfollicular disease is characterized by arrested maturation, leading to anovulation, and includes polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) and multifollicular ovaries (MFO).
• Macrofollicular disease involves excessive follicle growth, causing pelvic pain, and includes macropolycystic ovaries, functional cysts, and LUF syndrome.

Conclusions:

• The proposed terminology provides a clearer distinction between ovarian follicle pathologies.
• This classification aids in understanding the clinical manifestations and etiological factors of ovarian dysfunction.
• The new terminology encompasses the spectrum of functional ovarian pathology, improving diagnostic accuracy.