Changes in physicians' attitudes toward telling the cancer patient

Area of Science:

• Medical Ethics
• Oncology Communication
• Physician Attitudes

Background:

• In 1961, a significant majority of physicians preferred not to disclose cancer diagnoses to patients.
• This practice reflects historical paternalistic approaches in medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate changes in physician attitudes regarding cancer diagnosis disclosure.
• To identify factors influencing these attitudinal shifts over time.

Main Methods:

• A 1961 questionnaire on patient disclosure policies was re-administered to university-hospital medical staff in 1977.
• Data from 264 respondents in 1977 were compared to 1961 findings.

Main Results:

• A near-complete reversal in physician preference was observed, with 97% favoring disclosure in 1977 compared to 90% against in 1961.
• Clinical experience remained a key factor, but medical and hospital training gained prominence in shaping policy.
• Physicians showed less inclination to alter their stance based on research findings.

Conclusions:

• Physician communication practices regarding cancer diagnoses have evolved significantly, favoring patient autonomy.
• Attitudes are still heavily influenced by personal conviction and experience rather than empirical evidence.
• Further research is needed to understand the impact of evidence-based medicine on clinical decision-making in patient communication.