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Visceral nociception: consequences, modulation and the future

G F Gebhart1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.

European Journal of Anaesthesiology. Supplement
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
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Visceral pain, unlike skin pain, is hard to locate and can be altered in functional bowel disorders. Sensitization of visceral nerves or central nervous system changes can cause pain from normally non-painful stimuli.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Visceral pain is poorly localized, diffuse, and often referred to cutaneous sites, differing from somatic pain.
  • Acute postoperative visceral pain contrasts with altered sensations in functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Sensitization of visceral afferent fibers or central nervous system changes (central sensitization) can lead to pain perception from normally non-painful stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anatomical and mechanistic basis of visceral hyperalgesia.
  • To review new findings on opioid modulation of visceral sensory input to the spinal cord.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on visceral pain mechanisms.
  • Analysis of neurophysiological concepts related to visceral afferent sensitization and central sensitization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of studies on opioid receptor interactions in the spinal cord regarding visceral pain.

    • Main Results:

    • Visceral afferent pathways can undergo sensitization, similar to cutaneous nociceptors.
    • Central sensitization, a change in spinal cord neuron excitability, can result from persistent visceral input.
    • Opioid pathways in the spinal cord play a role in modulating visceral pain signals.

    Conclusions:

    • Visceral hyperalgesia arises from sensitization of visceral afferent fibers or central sensitization.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing visceral pain conditions.
    • Opioid modulation offers a potential therapeutic target for visceral pain.