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[Swimming-induced asthma]
L Fjellbirkeland1, A Gulsvik, A Walløe
1Lungeavdelingen Haukeland Sykehus, Bergen.
Summary
Swimming can trigger exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in susceptible athletes, contrary to its reputation for low asthmogeneity. Chlorine exposure in warm indoor pools appears to be a key irritant, impacting athletic performance.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Environmental Health
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Swimming is generally considered to have low asthmogeneity compared to other exercises.
- However, recent observations suggest a potential link between swimming and exercise-induced asthma (EIA).
Observation:
- Four young athletes developed exercise-induced asthma (EIA) symptoms during heavy swimming exercise.
- Symptoms were exacerbated in warm, chlorine-heavy indoor pool environments.
- Reduced symptoms were noted in outdoor pools and during other physical activities like running.
Findings:
- Three athletes developed EIA after years of training without prior asthma history.
- One athlete with childhood asthma experienced exacerbated EIA symptoms due to swimming.
- Respiratory symptoms significantly hampered swimming performance in all four athletes.
Implications:
- Volatile compounds from pool chlorination are suspected as irritants provoking asthma in susceptible swimmers.
- Asthma management in swimmers may require environmental modifications and targeted pharmacological interventions.
- Further research is needed to identify specific irritants and develop preventative strategies for swimming-induced asthma.