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Related Experiment Videos

What makes a tutor effective? A structural-equations modeling approach to learning in problem-based curricula

H G Schmidt1, J H Moust

  • 1Department of Educational Development and Research, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Effective tutoring in problem-based learning requires both strong subject-matter expertise and personal connection. Tutors

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Medical Education
  • Higher Education

Background:

  • Problem-based learning (PBL) is a constructivist pedagogical approach.
  • Effective tutoring is crucial for student success in PBL environments.
  • Understanding the causal relationships between tutor behaviors and student outcomes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a causal model of tutor behaviors influencing student achievement and interest in PBL.
  • To identify key tutor attributes that promote effective learning in undergraduate health sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 524 tutorial groups and 3,792 student records in a four-year undergraduate health sciences curriculum.
  • Utilized structural-equations modeling to analyze correlations among tutor behaviors (social congruence, expertise use, cognitive congruence), group functioning, and student outcomes (self-study time, interest, achievement).

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Main Results:

  • The hypothesized causal model of the effective tutor demonstrated a strong fit with the data.
  • Tutor expertise use and social congruence positively influenced cognitive congruence.
  • Social congruence directly impacted group functioning; expertise use had a slight negative effect on self-study time but a positive effect on achievement.
  • Cognitive congruence and group functioning influenced self-study time and student interest.
  • Self-study time was a significant predictor of student achievement.

Conclusions:

  • Effective tutors in PBL curricula integrate subject-matter expertise with strong interpersonal skills.
  • Tutor ability to communicate authentically and empathetically fosters an open learning environment.
  • A combination of personal qualities and subject-matter knowledge is vital for optimal student learning in PBL.