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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Tissue Triage and Freezing for Models of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Comparative mathematical analyses of freezing in lung and solid tissue

C Y Lee1, J Bastacky

  • 1Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.

Cryobiology
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Lung tissue freezes faster than solid tissue at the microscopic level due to air insulation, impacting cryopreservation and cryosurgery techniques. Macroscopic freezing rates show minimal differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cryobiology
  • Pulmonary Science

Background:

  • The lung's unique composition (80% air, 20% tissue) differs significantly from solid organs.
  • Understanding lung freezing is crucial for applications like cryomicroscopy, cryopreservation, and cryosurgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically analyze and compare the freezing behavior of lung tissue versus solid tissue.
  • To determine how differences in tissue composition affect freezing dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis of freezing processes in lung and solid tissues.
  • Comparison of cooling rates at both microscopic and macroscopic levels.
  • One-dimensional analysis of steady-state freezing front propagation.

Main Results:

  • Microscopic level: Ultrarapid solidification is faster in the lung's subpleural region due to air insulation, achieving cooling rates up to 10^6 K/s.
  • Macroscopic level: Freezing front propagation differs by less than 10% between lung and solid tissue after steady-state freezing.
  • Despite lower conductivity, the lung's lower heat storage capacity results in similar thermal diffusive properties to solid tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Lung tissue exhibits distinct freezing characteristics compared to solid tissues, particularly at the microscopic level.
  • Air insulation significantly enhances cooling rates in specific lung regions.
  • The findings provide insights into the thermal dynamics of lung freezing relevant to cryopreservation and surgical applications.