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Olfactory performance during childhood. II. Developing a discrimination task for children

R A Richman1, P R Sheehe, K Wallace

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
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A new match-to-sample odorant discrimination task (MODT) effectively assesses olfactory function in children aged 5 and older. This olfactory test is less influenced by non-olfactory factors than identification tasks, aiding in detecting deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Olfactory neuroscience
  • Developmental psychology
  • Clinical audiology

Background:

  • Assessing olfactory function in children presents unique challenges.
  • Existing olfactory tests may be influenced by non-olfactory factors, impacting accuracy.
  • A need exists for a reliable and age-appropriate olfactory assessment tool for pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a match-to-sample odorant discrimination task (MODT) for children and adolescents.
  • To compare the influence of non-olfactory factors on olfactory performance between the MODT and an odorant identification task.
  • To evaluate the MODT's utility in identifying olfactory dysfunction in pediatric subjects and create age-specific odorant sets.

Main Methods:

  • The match-to-sample odorant discrimination task (MODT) was administered to 75 typically developing children (ages 2-18) and 17 individuals with olfactory dysfunction (ages 7-53).

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  • Age-related score variability on the MODT was compared to that of an odorant identification task using weighted linear regression.
  • Four age-appropriate odorant sets were developed for the MODT.

    • Main Results:

    • The MODT demonstrated utility in children aged 5 years and older, but not in younger children (2-4 years).
    • Score variability showed an age trend in the identification task, but not in the MODT.
    • Subjects with olfactory dysfunction exhibited significantly lower mean MODT scores compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • The MODT is a suitable instrument for assessing olfaction in children aged 5 and above.
    • The MODT is less susceptible to confounding non-olfactory factors compared to odorant identification tasks.
    • Preliminary findings suggest the MODT can effectively detect olfactory deficits across various pediatric age groups.