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Ethanol increases defibrillation threshold in pigs

Y H Kim1, D L Jones, A Natale

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Alcohol increases defibrillation thresholds, making it harder to stop cardiac fibrillation. This study found higher alcohol doses significantly elevated the energy needed for successful defibrillation.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Toxicology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Alcohol ingestion is linked to cardiac arrhythmias.
  • The impact of alcohol on defibrillation efficacy is not well understood.
  • Patients with automatic defibrillators may be at risk if alcohol affects defibrillation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of alcohol on defibrillation efficacy.
  • To determine if alcohol consumption alters the energy required to terminate ventricular fibrillation.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-two pigs were used in a randomized controlled study.
  • Different doses of intravenous ethanol were administered.
  • Defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) were measured before and after ethanol infusion using epicardial electrodes.

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Main Results:

  • Alcohol elevated DFT in a dose-dependent manner.
  • High-dose ethanol significantly increased DFT (8.5 +/- 0.7 vs 11.2 +/- 1.1 J, P < 0.01).
  • Ventricular effective refractory periods and fibrillatory wave cycle lengths remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Acute alcohol administration can impair defibrillation efficacy.
  • Higher alcohol concentrations significantly increase the energy needed for defibrillation.
  • Further research is needed to understand clinical implications for patients with defibrillators.