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Effect of humic acids on thyroidal function

T S Huang1, F J Lu, C W Tsai

  • 1Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Humic acids (HA) did not cause goiter in rats and mice alone. However, HA enhanced the goitrogenic effects of a low iodine diet, suggesting a potential risk in iodine-deficient areas.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Humic substances (HS) are suspected environmental goitrogens.
  • Increased goiter prevalence is observed in Taiwan's Blackfoot disease area, linked to HS-rich well water.
  • The in vivo effects of humic acids (HA) on the thyroid were investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo effects of humic acids (HA) on the thyroid gland of rats and mice.
  • To determine if HA alone or in combination with a low iodine diet affects thyroid hormone levels and function.

Main Methods:

  • Rats and mice were fed normal or low iodine diets with distilled or HA water for 3-4 months.
  • Serum thyroid hormones (T4, T3, rT3) and TSH were measured.
  • Thyroidal 125I uptake was assessed in mice.

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Main Results:

  • HA treatment in rats reduced serum T4 (p < 0.05).
  • Low iodine diet increased serum T3 and decreased rT3.
  • Combined HA and low iodine diet in rats significantly altered T4, T3, and rT3 levels.
  • Low iodine diet increased thyroidal 125I uptake in mice, an effect enhanced by HA.
  • HA did not affect thyroid weight in either species.

Conclusions:

  • Humic acids alone do not induce goiter.
  • Humic acids may potentiate the goitrogenic effects of iodine deficiency.
  • This suggests a potential risk in areas with both HS-rich water and low iodine intake.