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Related Experiment Videos

[Paracetamol poisoning]

B B Lystbaek1, L B Svendsen, L Heslet

  • 1Anaestesiafdelingen, Rigshospitalet, København.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|February 13, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) offers pain relief but can cause severe liver and kidney damage in toxic doses. Early N-acetylcysteine treatment and gastrointestinal decontamination are crucial for managing paracetamol poisoning.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Hepatology

Context:

  • Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic.
  • While generally safe at therapeutic doses, paracetamol can cause severe toxicity in overdose.
  • Chronic alcohol consumption increases susceptibility to paracetamol-induced liver damage.

Purpose:

  • To review the toxic effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.
  • To outline essential management strategies for paracetamol poisoning.
  • To highlight risk factors and preventative measures for paracetamol toxicity.

Summary:

  • Paracetamol overdose can lead to acute liver failure, kidney damage, and metabolic disturbances (impaired phosphate and lactate turnover).
  • N-acetylcysteine is a vital antidote, with optimal efficacy when administered within 15 hours of ingestion, though benefits are seen up to 36 hours.

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  • Gastrointestinal decontamination using activated charcoal (within 2 hours) or gastric lavage (2-4 hours) is recommended to reduce paracetamol absorption.

    • Impact:

    • Timely administration of N-acetylcysteine and gastrointestinal decontamination can prevent irreversible organ damage and reduce mortality from paracetamol poisoning.
    • Increased awareness of paracetamol toxicity risks, particularly in chronic alcoholics, can guide preventative strategies and clinical management.
    • Despite rising incidence of self-poisoning, consistent mortality rates suggest effective treatment protocols are in place, but further risk reduction is possible.