[Acute cervico-mediastinal hematoma of parathyroid origin]

A new case of spontaneous cervico-mediastinal hematoma due to parathyroid adenoma is reported. It is a rare complication of parathyroid adenoma. When mediastinal compression with respiratory distress occurs, endotracheal intubation excludes an intrathoracic vascular injury. Laboratory tests reveal a hyperparathyroid syndrome which may disappear after the acute hemorrhage. Whatever is the outcome of the hyperparathyroid syndrome, surgical treatment is required. As far as possible, it should be performed after the acute hemorrhage.