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Popliteus function in ACL-deficient patients

M J Weresh1, R H Gabel, R A Brand

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.

The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can cause knee instability. This study found that the popliteus muscle activity is similar in ACL-injured and healthy knees during various activities, suggesting it does not contribute to instability.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries frequently lead to anterolateral instability and the "pivot shift" phenomenon.
  • The popliteus muscle's role in the pivot shift phenomenon is debated, with some suggesting its stimulation causes the shift.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that patients with ACL injuries exhibit excessive popliteus muscle activity contributing to knee instability.
  • To compare the electromyography (EMG) activity of the popliteus muscle in ACL-deficient and healthy individuals during various functional activities.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) of the popliteus muscle was recorded using fine-wire electrodes in 16 healthy subjects and 10 ACL-deficient subjects.
  • EMG data were collected during six activities: level walking/jogging, ascending walking/jogging, and descending walking/jogging.

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Main Results:

  • Correlation analyses showed high similarity (r > 0.7) in popliteus muscle signal timing between injured and uninjured limbs, except during treadmill ascent (r = 0.427) and jogging ascent (r = 0.645).
  • Variance ratios indicated statistically similar patterns and variability in popliteus muscle activity between ACL-deficient and healthy limbs.
  • Only minor differences in popliteus EMG signals were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The popliteus muscle does not appear to contribute significantly to anterolateral instability in ACL-deficient patients during the studied activities.
  • These findings suggest that other mechanisms may be responsible for the pivot shift phenomenon in ACL injuries.