Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 1, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
Published on: August 9, 2012
[Medical treatment of disorders of the bladder sphincter]
Abstract:
A lot of drugs can increase or decrease bladder activity or urethral sphincter activity. Some of them are used for treatment of incontinence or chronic retention. In case of severe pollakiuria or urge incontinence secondary to bladder instability, numerous medications can be used: anticholinergic agents, musculotropic relaxants, calcium antagonists, prostaglandin inhibitors, beta-adrenergic agonists, tricyclic antidepressants. Anticholinergic agents are regularly used on first choice. When stress incontinence is present, alpha agonists administered with estrogen and perineal reeducation represent the first stage before surgery. For medical treatment of retention, if there is not outlet obstruction, one can increase detrusor activity with betanechol chloride. In case of outlet obstruction, alpha-blockers or 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors can be used, if there is benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pygeum africanum can be used, but to date there is no clinical study proving its efficacy.
Related Concept Videos
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
The Micturition Reflex
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Disorders of the Urinary System
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

