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The back compressive forces during maximal push-pull activities in the sagittal plane

S Kumar1

  • 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Journal of Human Ergology
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Pushing activities pose a greater risk of injury than pulling, despite lower measured strength. Higher compressive loads during pushing movements increase the hazard, potentially leading to cumulative injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Understanding the biomechanical differences between push and pull activities is crucial for preventing workplace injuries.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the specific risks associated with pushing versus pulling under various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the biomechanical forces and injury risks associated with isometric and isokinetic push and pull activities at different heights.
  • To determine whether push or pull activities present a greater hazard to the lower back.

Main Methods:

  • Ten males and ten females performed isometric and isokinetic (50 cm/s) push and pull tasks at 35, 100, and 150 cm heights.
  • Subjects were stabilized on a platform, exerting forces through a low-friction assembly connected to a strength measurement system.

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  • Posture and strength data were synchronized using videotaping and a load cell connected to a computer.

    • Main Results:

    • Pulling activities generated higher overall strength than pushing activities (p < 0.01).
    • Isometric strength was significantly greater than isokinetic strength (p < 0.01).
    • Despite lower strength, push activities resulted in 129%–627% higher low-back compressive forces compared to pull activities.

    Conclusions:

    • Pushing activities are more hazardous than pulling activities due to significantly higher compressive loads on the lower back.
    • The increased compressive load during pushing accelerates the accumulation of stress, elevating the risk of injury.
    • Ergonomic interventions should focus on mitigating the risks associated with pushing tasks to prevent cumulative trauma disorders.