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The Frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis

A Lundström1, F Lundström

  • 1Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

The Frankfort horizontal (FH) is not reliable for clinical cephalometric analysis in children. The natural head orientation (NHO) proved less variable, suggesting its potential as a more stable reference plane.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Cephalometrics
  • Pediatric dentistry

Background:

  • Accurate cephalometric analysis relies on stable reference planes.
  • The natural head position (NHP) is crucial for consistent radiographic measurements.
  • Variability in head posture can significantly impact diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of the Frankfort horizontal (FH) as a reference plane in pediatric cephalometric analysis.
  • To compare the variability of the FH with other potential reference planes using natural head orientation (NHO).

Main Methods:

  • Studied 79 British 12-year-olds using tracings in natural head position (NHP).
  • Measured the angle between FH and a horizontal plumb line.
  • Adjusted head position to perceived natural head orientation (NHO) and re-measured angles.

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  • Assessed variability by comparing standard deviations between different reference planes.

    • Main Results:

    • The standard deviation for the FH angle was too large for reliable clinical use.
    • No significant difference in variability was found between the FH and the sella-nasion line.
    • The extracranial horizontal plane related to NHO demonstrated the least variability among the studied references.

    Conclusions:

    • The Frankfort horizontal (FH) is not a sufficiently reliable reference plane for clinical cephalometric analysis in 12-year-old children.
    • The natural head orientation (NHO) provides a more stable and less variable extracranial reference plane.
    • Further research into NHO-based references is recommended for improved accuracy in pediatric cephalometrics.